Ancient Civilizations & Origins

Then Punic Carthage and its western colonies

Now Tunisia

Then Kingdoms of Kerma, Napata and Meroe

Now Northern Sudan

Then The land between the lower Tigris and Euphrates

Now Southern Iraq

Then Babylonia, the central alluvial plain

Now Hillah, Iraq

Then The Assyrian heartland on the upper Tigris

Now Northern Iraq

Then Independent coastal city-states

Now Lebanon, coastal Syria and Israel

Then Iron Age highland kingdoms

Now Israel and the Palestinian territories

Then The Roman world, Britain to Mesopotamia

Now Italy and forty-odd modern states

Then Hallstatt and La Tène Europe

Now France, Britain, Ireland, Alpine Europe

Then The Achaemenid empire, Indus to Aegean

Now Iran and twenty-odd modern states

Then The Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra basins

Now Pakistan and northwest India

Then Yellow and Yangtze river states

Now China

Then Lowland and highland Maya polities

Now Guatemala, Belize, southern Mexico, Honduras

Then Tenochtitlan and the Triple Alliance

Now Mexico City

Then Tawantinsuyu, the Four Regions

Now Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Argentina

Then Scandinavia and its North Atlantic settlements

Now Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Greenland

Then Rapa Nui, settled by Polynesian voyagers

Now Easter Island, Chile