Recovery Science.
Sleep, cold, load and the recovery industry — what the trials support and what they don't.
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Recovery is the most heavily monetised and least standardised part of performance. Some of it is extremely well evidenced. Some of it is a cold tub with a marketing budget — and, awkwardly, the cold tub can blunt the adaptation you trained for.
What this field actually measures
- Sleep extension effect
Performance change when athletes deliberately increase time in bed.
ReferenceMah and colleagues' Stanford basketball study found faster sprint times and improved shooting accuracy after weeks at ~10 hours in bed.
LimitSmall sample, one team, one sport. Directionally strong, not a universal dose.
- Cold water immersion and hypertrophy
Effect of post-training cold exposure on strength adaptation.
ReferenceRandomised work (Roberts et al., 2015) found regular post-resistance-training cold immersion attenuated long-term strength and muscle gains.
LimitUseful for tournament turnaround; counterproductive during a build block.
- Heart rate variability
Beat-to-beat variation used as a readiness proxy.
ReferenceTrends across 7-day rolling averages carry signal; single mornings mostly carry noise.
Evidence & metrics
The published work behind the numbers above, and the public datasets you can open to check us. If a claim can’t be traced here, we don’t print it.
Citations
The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players
Mah, Mah, Kezirian & Dement — SLEEP · 2011
Extending time in bed to about ten hours improved sprint times and shooting accuracy across weeks.
Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations
Roberts et al. — The Journal of Physiology · 2015
Regular cold immersion after resistance training reduced long-term strength and hypertrophy gains versus active recovery.
Datasets
Sleep Heart Health Study / NSRR
National Sleep Research Resource · registration
Polysomnography and actigraphy cohorts with full signal access on request.
PubMed recovery modality trials
US National Library of Medicine · free
Randomised trials of cold immersion, compression, and sleep interventions.
Still open
- Which recovery modalities survive placebo-controlled designs?
- How should recovery be periodised against adaptation goals rather than applied uniformly?
- Can consumer readiness scores be validated against performance outcomes?
What we won’t say
We will not call a modality 'proven' because athletes like how it feels. Feeling recovered and being recovered are separate measurements.
- VO-1Evidence before wit
- VO-2Punch at claims, never at people
- VO-3Say the uncertainty out loud
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