Topic Hub · How much of that was signal?

Analytics.

The discipline of asking, relentlessly, how much of what we just saw was noise.

Personalized feedUpdated · 2026-07-08

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The Standard on Analytics

Analytics changed sport by asking a boring question relentlessly: how much of what we just saw was signal? Most disputes about analytics are actually disputes about sample size.

What this field actually measures

Stabilisation point

Sample size at which a statistic starts reflecting skill more than noise.

ReferenceVaries enormously by metric — some baseball rates stabilise in dozens of events, others need multiple seasons.

Regression to the mean

Extreme results drifting toward average with more data.

ReferenceThe default explanation for most breakout and collapse narratives.

Out-of-sample performance

How a model does on data it never saw.

ReferenceThe only test that separates a model from a description of the past.

Evidence & metrics

The published work behind the numbers above, and the public datasets you can open to check us. If a claim can’t be traced here, we don’t print it.

Citations

  1. Wins Above Replacement model documentation

    FanGraphs and Baseball-Reference · ongoing

    Two published WAR implementations differ in fielding and pitching inputs, so the same season can differ by around a win.

  2. nflfastR EPA and win-probability methodology

    Baldwin & Carl — nflverse · 2020–present

    Open-sources the models behind public EPA/play analysis, including their training data and limitations.

Datasets

Still open

  • How should public models communicate uncertainty to a general audience?
  • Where does tracking data add genuine information over box-score aggregates?
  • What decisions have actually changed because of analytics, and what only sounds different?

What we won’t say

We will not present a 12-game sample as a trend. It is a sample, and it is small.

  • VO-1Evidence before wit
  • VO-2Punch at claims, never at people
  • VO-3Say the uncertainty out loud
Read the Brand Voice Standard
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